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9.b Support domestic technology development, research and innovation in developing countries,

including by ensuring a conducive policy environment for, inter alia, industrial diversification and
value addition to commodities
9.c Significantly increase access to information and communications technology and strive to

provide universal and affordable access to the Internet in least developed countries by 2020
Apart from the UN database (UN, 2022c), Eurostat (2022c, 2022d) and World Bank (2022) collect
data on Industry, Trade, Services, Transport, and other relevant indicators in this area. Targets
are summarized in Table 3. The first five targets are denoted by numbers, while the remaining
three are denoted by letters and refer to the means of implementation.

Table 3: Overview of Targets of SDG 9

Specific targets Means of implementation

1. Access to transportation 4. CO2 emission a. International support to
infrastructure
2. Manufacturing 5. Scientific research b. Policy framework

3. Small-scale industries c. Technology access

Source: UN (2022b), Global indicator framework for the Sustainable Development Goals and targets of the
2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

The pandemic hit the manufacturing sector harder than in the 2007 financial crisis, causing a drop
in production in 2020. Its onset caused disruption in transport, global value chains, manufacturing,
and the movement of people and goods. However, this crisis has indicated what industries are
more resilient (e.g. higher technology industries) and has given an example of how technological

innovation can lead to the production of quick solutions that the world needs.
● Case studies and examples of good practice

• Shanklin, K. (2019). Sintavia: Innovation for Cleaner Manufacturing. Green Business
Bureau. https://greenbusinessbureau.com/members/member-stories/sintavia-
innovation-for-cleaner-manufacturing/
• Dow’s Olympic carbon programmes continue to deliver climate benefits and a
positive legacy. (2020). International Olympic Committee.

https://olympics.com/ioc/news/dow-s-olympic-carbon-programmes-continue-to-
deliver-climate-benefits-and-a-positive-legacy
• Aqua Robur Technologies – Digital Business Development. (2021). Digital Business
Development. https://dbd.au.dk/blog/case-studies/aqua-robur-technologies-ab/

SDG 10: Reduced Inequalities

SDG 10 is concerned with reducing inequality within and among countries, while promoting
economic, political, and social inclusion of all, irrespective of age, sex, ethnicity, religion, or any
other characteristics. Inequality does not only hinder economic growth but also harms

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